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如果在C#用WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个进程之间传递数据

 
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简介:

本文着重讲述了如果用WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个进程之间传递数据.


进程之间通讯的几种方法:

在Windows程序中,各个进程之间常常需要交换数据,进行数据通讯。常用的方法有
  • 使用内存映射文件
  • 通过共享内存DLL共享内存
  • 使用SendMessage向另一进程发送WM_COPYDATA消息


比起前两种的复杂实现来,WM_COPYDATA消息无疑是一种经济实惠的一中方法.

WM_COPYDATA消息的主要目的是允许在进程间传递只读数据。Windows在通过WM_COPYDATA消息传递期间,不提供继承同步方式。SDK文档推荐用户使用SendMessage函数,接受方在数据拷贝完成前不返回,这样发送方就不可能删除和修改数据:

这个函数的原型及其要用到的结构如下:

SendMessage(hwnd,WM_COPYDATA,wParam,lParam);

其中,WM_COPYDATA对应的十六进制数为0x004A

wParam设置为包含数据的窗口的句柄。lParam指向一个COPYDATASTRUCT的结构:

typedef struct tagCOPYDATASTRUCT{
DWORD dwData;//用户定义数据
DWORD cbData;//数据大小
PVOID lpData;//指向数据的指针
}COPYDATASTRUCT;

该结构用来定义用户数据。


具体过程如下:

首先,在发送方,用FindWindow找到接受方的句柄,然后向接受方发送WM_COPYDATA消息.

接受方在DefWndProc事件中,来处理这条消息.由于中文编码是两个字节,所以传递中文时候字节长度要搞清楚.

代码中有适量的解释,大家请自己看吧.

具体代码如下:
//---------------------------------------------------
//发送方:
//---------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.textBox1 });
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "接收方";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion

[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}

protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch (m.Msg)
{
//接收自定义消息 USER,并显示其参数
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
mystr = (COPYDATASTRUCT) m.GetLParam(mytype);
this.textBox1.Text = mystr.lpData;

break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public string lpData;
}
}

//---------------------------------------------------
//接受方
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
this.Controls.AddRange(new

System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.textBox1 });
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "接收方";
this.ResumeLayout(false);

}
#endregion

[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}

protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch (m.Msg)
{
//接收自定义消息 USER,并显示其参数
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new

COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
mystr = (COPYDATASTRUCT) m.GetLParam(mytype);
this.textBox1.Text = mystr.lpData;

break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public string lpData;
}
}

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